Analysis on the cycle of violence of Hector Tobar's novel The Tattooed Essay

Analysis on the cycle of violence of Hector Tobar's novel The Tattooed Soldier - Essay Example In order to pinpoint the sketching of cycle of violence in the novel The Tattooed Soldier, it is much important to find out the basic information regarding the cycle of violence at the first place. In a literal context, the cycle of violence is a pattern to find out the way in which emotional or physical violence is observed among individuals. It should also be noted that the ultimately the cyclic pattern is more likely to end up as a revenge. There is no actual numbers of cycles that would be noted among individuals. It is mainly because it works in a systematic manner including incident noting, tension building, making up or reconciliation and calming down the victim. This cycle has been used in a couple of novels in pervasive manner. Tobar has also made use of the cycle of violence in his novel but in a very sensitive manner. Physical violence has been noted to as lesser in the fiction whereas in real life incidents, the cycle seems to continue and is much applicable (Tobar). The novel The Tattooed Soldier takes us to the journey of two individuals who are merely the immigrants in United States. The fact remains that both the characters of the novel namely Antonio and Longoria have shown their respective experiences in United States by emigrating from Guatemala. The author has basically shown that the cycle of violence provides two different roles to those who are involved with it. These roles are mainly for the victim and abuser. In the story, The Tattooed Soldier, it is much easier to note that the experiences of both the characters are merely different from each other. One has been the victim of the cycle of violence while the second have been the abuser in the cycle (Tobar). The character of Antonio seems to be the victim of the cycle of violence. His wife and son were killed in the war by a soldier named Longoria. As he was a new immigrant in United States, it was not easier for him to sustain a better and comfortable lifestyle in Los Angeles. It is because of this reason that Antonio had to leave his home as he could not pay the rent. The author has noted that the cycle of violence in the context of United States is critical for the immigrants. But even then the experiences of all immigrants can be different from each other. Following quote explains this very well, â€Å"Someone once told Antonio it was the pollution in the air that made the evening sky this way. Like everything else in Los Angeles,  even the beautiful sunsets were man-made† (Tobar 42). First of all, being a homeless person, Antonio ultimately had to be a victim of series of incidents where he had to be looked down upon. Emotionally, Antonio was broken that he is among the lower class who can not even afford the houses. He found out later that he had to live as a refugee which surely made him understand that he is the minority. The intensity is evident from the quotes â€Å"they were stacked...like disease cords of wood† (Tobar 69). The abusers as those who were working class did not give much concern to the homeless and considered them to be onus on the society. As a result, it was noted that Antonio becomes violent and spreads a message among people like him who could not get any job and had no place to live. Antonio shows the readers that the cycle of

In your opinion, would having different times for different ages to Essay

In your opinion, would having different times for different ages to Trick-or-Treat be a good idea, why or why not - Essay Example However, the fear, anxiety and to the extreme trauma caused by these images to the young children has raised recent discussions on the means of reducing their impact on these children. Arguments raised in objection of the treat-or-treat these images may be very disturbing to the children, as they exposes the children to all types of horrific characters. As a suggestion therefore, some people propose age and time restr4ictions to these events. The argument hold that the young should go on the door to door trick-or-treat visit early in the day, while the juveniles wait until later in the night to seek their treat. Personally, I do not think this will solve any problem due to a number of reasons, as expressed in this essay. The argument appears to disobey the very meaning of the event, â€Å"Halloween†. Additionally, the children, whether indoors or outdoors, cannot avoid the images of Halloween as they can see them anyway. Finally, It is not the treat associated with Halloween t hat is the biggest fun, and largely, some children do not need the treat anyway. In fact, most the teenagers who take part hope to miss the candy and the goodies, for them to do their trick. As such, it is the fun, the eerie feeling presented by the horrific images, and the fear that teenagers instil on other people with their dressing that is the greatest fun. What is the main reason for dressing in such attire if not to create fear and anxiety? Some of the costumes that children put on cost a fortune, one that the candy and the goodies cannot repay. Choosing to dress in the scariest and horrifying costumes, the children hope to have as much fun as they can. After all, this is an annual festival. Therefore, a policy that seeks to separate children and teenagers into different groups would spoil the much fun that Halloween offers. The children choose their most convenient time to go for the treat-or-trick event. When they feel ready to go, they alert their parents, who tag along and take care of them, especially by providing security. Therefore, Halloween is an optional event only the interested people take part in. They stay indoors, protecting their children from the trauma and the anxiety created by the images. By being not a mandatory festival, most of the parents who wish not to take part in the Halloween leave their goodies and candy at their gate or doorstep, where the Halloween children would find them and leave without any tricks or showing their Halloween costumes. Those who feel that the event causes too much fear, anxiety, and trauma to their children should adopt this method of protecting their children, instead of spoiling the entire event. Further, such parents can, if their children want to take part in the event, decide to let them take part early in the day, and by evening let them in to avoid the images caused by Halloween. Children, whether indoors or outdoors cannot avoid the Halloween images completely. Being indoors, other children seeki ng for a treat have to visit their homes. Children, with their curiosity can peep through the windows to see the Halloween costumes that other children have put on. This way, they can see them, therefore creating the fear and anxiety in them. Outdoors, there are countless billboards and posters, as well as live advertisements of Halloween parties in

Blood Diamond Essay Example for Free

Blood Diamond Essay The makers of â€Å"Blood Diamond,† an exceptionally thriller starring a most excellent Leonardo DiCaprio, want you to know there may be blood on your hands, specifically your wedding finger. The story involves so-called conflict diamonds, illicitly mined stones that have been used to finance some of the most vicious wars in Africa. If films were judged solely by their good intentions, this one would be best in show. Instead, gilded in money and dripping with sanctimony, confused and mindlessly contradictory, the film is a textbook example of how easily commercialism can trump do-goodism, particularly in Hollywood. The 2006 movie (Blood Diamond) was recently seen by me, this is an American political war thriller film produced and directed by Edward Zwick, starring Leonardo DiCaprio, Jennifer Connelly and Djimon Hounsou. The title refers to blood diamonds, which are diamonds mined in African war zones and sold to finance conflicts, and thereby profit warlords and diamond companies across the world. During Sierra Leone Civil War in 1996–2001, the film shows a country torn apart by the struggle between government soldiers and rebels. It also portrays many of the atrocities of that war, including the rebels amputation of peoples hands to discourage them from voting in upcoming elections. The films ending, in which a conference is held concerning blood diamonds, is in reference to an actual meeting that took place in Kimberley, South Africa in 2000 and led to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme, which seeks to certify the origin of rough diamonds in order to curb the trade in conflict diamonds. In the face of the evidence, it is impossible to list any benefits for blood diamonds. They have been condemned by the United Nations. The sheer scale of the civil war in Sierra Leone they helped to fund, in which an estimated 120,000 people were killed from 1991 to 2001, proves that these illegitimate diamonds do nothing but cause human suffering. In February 2011, Charles Taylors trial before the Special Court for Sierra Leone heard that he received mayonnaise jars full of blood diamonds from the Revolutionary United Front, providing them with the arms they needed in return. The U. S. appens to be the largest consumer of conflict diamonds, purchasing over $33. 7 billion dollars’ worth of the rocks in 2005. Wondering what conflict diamonds are? I’m no fawning fan of DiCaprio, but the film â€Å"Blood Diamond† is nowhere near as fictional as we’d like it to be. Conflict diamonds involve abuse, corruption and death. There goes that gorgeous, shimmery, sparkling stone set in platinum I’ve been dreaming about. This movie and together with some other researches I did has made me to come into a conclusion and a question if I would ever wear a diamond. Here are important reasons, We’ve been conditioned to want a diamond. Who isn’t tired of the advertising and marketing ploys used to brainwash us into believing our value as women rests on the size of our†¦gem? (Toss that in with measurements and marital status and we’ve got an endless supply of not-good-enough. ) Marketers have thrown us a giant, glittering bone, and watched the profits pile up as we’ve chased, fetched and rolled over in order to conform to what we’ve been conditioned to believe is the only acceptable standard. Diamond prices have been artificially inflated by the diamond cartel. The average diamond sold in the U. S. has been over-graded in quality by 2 grades, and the average U. S. couple pays twice what they should for an engagement ring. Do i really want to enter into a lifelong commitment with a man who’s willing to waste his hard-earned cash on a diamond, especially when said diamond is ridiculously overpriced? Diamond mines damage the environment. This is important, even though it’s true of all types of mining, not just diamond mining. Mines are dangerous for workers (including children) and threaten our planet, too. I wish there were a way to dig that deep without so much damage. A diamond is not forever. Nothing is forever. Engagements, marriages, jobs, you name it. If they happen to last a long time, then you are indeed a very lucky person. Why do we kid ourselves into believing that a sparkling rock, delivered to us on the backs of the abused, purchased for more than it’s worth, marketed for more than it means and obtained at the expense of our own dear planet will keep love alive?.

What is the role and impact of trade in developing countries

What is the role and impact of trade in developing countries Subject: How realistic is free trade in the real world? Critically examine the competing perspectives about the role and impact of trade in developing countries. Explain why you might be pessimistic about the prospect for global growth and development in the future?. The history of free trade is a history of international trade focusing on the developments of open markets and it is common to hear that todays world economic system as being free trade or globalization. Theoretical rationalization as to why a policy of free trade would be beneficial to nations developed over time. Free trade agreements are established to enhance free trade of goods and services, in the belief that they will bring beneficial for all parties involves and lead to further economic develop and growth. But in realistic in real world it is not benefits for developing countries. That make many recession and pessimistic for growth of global in the future. Free trade is a system in which goods, capital, and labor move freely between nations, without barriers hinder the trade process. Many countries have free trade agreements, and many international organizations promote free trade between their members. A number of barriers to trade are removed in a free trade agreement (taxes, tariffs, and import quotas, subsidies and other forms of support to domestic producers), restrictions on the flow of currency are also lifted. Put simply, free trade help foreign companies to trade efficiently, easily, and effectively as domestic producers. There are many free trade agreements around the world, some of which have come into being after much controversy, protest and debate such as: WTO- The World Trade Organization is an organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade. NAFTA -The North American Free Trade Agreement. The goal of NAFTA was to eliminate barriers of trade and investment between the US, Canada and Mexico. APEC- The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation is a forum for 21 Pacific Rim countries (styled Member Economies) that seeks to promote free trade and economic cooperation throughout the Asia-Pacific region. AFTA- ASEAN Free Trade Area is a trade bloc agreement by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations supporting local manufacturing in all ASEAN countries. CAFTA- The China- Asean Free trade area. Touted as the worlds biggest Free Trade Area. In realistic, free trade between equal partners may be mutual benefits. But between a strong country and weaker or between a developed country and a developing country, the developed country tend to get more benefit as they have the capacity to sell whereas the developing country in unable to make use of the increased market access. This is so even in agriculture, where developing countries have comparative advantage. After the North American free trade agreement (NAFTA) was signed, Mexico increased exports fruits and vegetables by 50% to the US. But Mexico also increased imports tripled for corn and over 500% for soybean, wheat, poultry and beef from the US. It can see that Mexicos agricultural imports increased more than its exports, so 1.7 million rural jobs have been lost. The reason is very simple, after NAFTAs signing, Mexico reduced its tariffs to zero but the US still did not reduced its subsidies and many agriculture product of the US could sell at lower prices than the production cost. Thus the USs agriculture product swamped the Mexico market. Similar, Australia could not get extra sugar quota in free trade agreement with the US (AUSFTA- The Australia- United States free trade agreement). On beef, it only obtained 18.5% increased in its quota, confined to manufacturing grade beef spread over 18 years or extra half a cow/farm/year. And, in free trade agreement with china (CAFTA- China- Asean free trade area), from 2005 to 2008, Indonesia increased imports by over 150% from china and exports to China increased by around 77%. Moreover, the growth of Indonesians exports to China was mainly driven by raw materials, such as mineral fuels and ores, while the growth of Indonesian imports from China was due to increasing Chinese manufactured goods, ranging from electronics/electrical products and iron/steel products to furniture and textile items. Besides, between the developing countries and developed countries, explicit barriers especially Tariffs have come down but countries find other ways to block goods from other countries, if they are trying to protect domestic jobs or something like that. Or if there is some industry group that has political power and can get special protections for their business. Developed nations tend to do this for labor intensive goods which is exactly what many developing nations are trying to export. Recently Vietnam has faced barriers for selling shoes to the EU, and catfish to the United States. Anti-dumping taxes have been imposed by the US Department of Commerce on Vietnamese frozen catfish exports to the US since August 2003. Vietnamese exporters will be charged at the rate of 63,88 per cent on catfish exports to the US. The decision was made on the basis that American catfish producers claim that Tra and Basa fish imported from Viet Nam were being sold below market rates. Vietnam has prove n that it was not dumping catfish, and the tariff will lift for Vietnam on March 21, 2011. But Vietnam has to face with the new tariff for selling shrimp to US until 2016. For developing countries, instability of domestic economy increases from international trade and economies depends on global trade. Economic of America and EU go down, it would be very hard for developing countries to recover. For instance, recession in the USA led to the increase in unemployment in USA and decrease demand for Australian exports, leading to falling export incomes, lower GDP, lower incomes which leads to lower domestic demand and increased unemployment in this country. From the financial crisis in USA in 2008 which was caused by real estate bubble and under-standard lending operation with the consequence of high inflation and unemployment, lower growth. Massive action in money in the US creates pressure on US dollar, this makes US dollar depreciate against other strong currencies (EUR and Yen), which reduces competitiveness of exports of these countries, forcing the government of these countries to depreciate the domestic currencies by expanding money supply. This lea ds the currency war, causing turbulence in the currency markets and international trade, increasing inflation and restricting the consumption, lower production, lower income and decreasing growth rate of the economy, pushing back the process of the global economy recovery. As a result of the financial crisis in 2008 (the credit crunch for poor households and a decline in housing price), unemployment in USA increases strongly (8.9%) and is predicted not to improve in 2011. According to FED, the growth rate of USA is forecast about 3.4%-3.9% while the prediction of unemployment rate is from 8.8%-8.9%. Economists calculate the growth rate gains 5%, which reduces the unemployment by 1%. This means that its difficult for America to reduce the unemployment rate in the near future. This is also the main reason causing personal consumption declined. Consumer spending, which accounts for 70% of the US economy, will be hampered by unemployment when the need to save more. Moreover, deficit sit uation is estimated to gain 1,480 billion USD in 2011, equivalent with 9.8% GDP of this country (Financial Times), the highest deficit level in the history. However, the USA government still has no action to improve this situation but keep easing monetary policy. In Europe, public debt crisis is the most serious problem in these countries. As a result of global financial crisis, nations fell into deficit state due to borrowing to cover for their spending so much. But the main cause is still the excessive spending and inappropriate financial policies that lead to this situation. Firstly is the rescued package of IMF and EU of 110 billion EUR to save Greece from default threat, next is 85 billion EUR for Ireland and accompanied with tight monetary policy as increasing tax which Ireland has advantage to gain strong growth over past years, reducing spending and saving 15 billion EUR in 4 years to lessen the budget deficit rate from 32% to 3% with GDP. This threat of public debt crisis c an spread Spanish, Portugal and even Italy. Unemployment increases highly in these countries. But one question is raised that when rescued packages expire, whether the effort of IMF, EU and the government can prevent default of many nations and banks. With the total public debt can increase about 100% in the early of year 2014 in Europe, economic growth only gained 2% in 2010 and 1.5% in 2011 and unemployment rate can rise up to 8.3% (Vietnam Plus). The ability of collapse of common currency in this area may occur if this state is not improved. With the approximate rate of 20% global GDP from now to 2014, EU plays an important role in the world, if there is any breakdown in EU, it will be a detrimental consequence for global economy. In Asia, excessive growth in China leads to strong increase of inflation with predicted CPI is 10% and inflation rate is 5% in 2011 (Chinese Statistic Department). Real estate market developed excessively, landing price went up strongly, the landing pri ce in some places increased more than 20 times, even 100 times from the original price. Furthermore, the ease of fiscal and monetary policy with excess in issuing money leads to depreciation and high inflation, which raises the primary commodity price. Not for China, inflation tends to increase in other Asian countries. In the next year, to prevent inflation, the governments need to have tight monetary policies. If the money supply is tightened so much, it can lead to slow growth. But if keeping ease monetary policy, it can cause more inflation and leads the economy to overheat growth. One problem in developing countries is that fluctuations in the currency market is also creating macroeconomic instability threat even more detrimental to recovery process global economy So it is easy to see that economics of some developing countries may fall into recession and growth of developing countries will slow in 2011 and in the next few years. And the growth of global economy will growth very slow, according to World Bank predicts growth of global economy is at 3.3% in 2011 and 3.6% in 2012. Moreover, the recent Japans disasters (Earthquake and Tsunami) cause a big loss for the world economy in the short term. Japan is the place attracting the majority of FDI to some regions in Asia. Japan is the most important trade partner in Asia. Therefore, trade between Japan and other countries in the region will decrease strongly in the short term, accompanying with high inflation, the growth rate of Asia will slow down. Moreover, the economy of America will also be affected by Japans disaster. Export occupies by 10% GDP of America in which exports to Japan occupy by 5%, so this detriment on the USA economy is not small (Info TV). This calamity also affects the count ries which have big export turnover to Japanese market. One threat of the global inflation is that the increased oil price due to instability of Middle East and Africa, anxious psychology of violent prospect spreading out everywhere, the oil supply cant meet the recovery of the world economy, big demand of imported fuel of China and India (CNN, Foxnews). Economists worry about the possibility of the oil price increasing in some years, which causes a big pressure of increased price for most commodities in the world, decreasing the global growth, increasing inflation. That is reason why might be pessimistic about the prospects for growth and development in the future.

Gains and Losses in Educating Rita :: Educating Rita Essays

Gains and Losses in Educating Rita The question of what Rita gains in Educating Rita is quite easy to answer. What she loses is less obvious. Her intention is to gain a college education and she largely succeeds in this. On the way you could say she loses her job and her husband, but it is worth asking whether these are really losses to the person Rita, or rather Susan, becomes. Â   The play follows just over a year in Rita's life and shows her gradual progress in an English Literature course. At first Rita knows she wants to do the course but not how to do well in it. It seems that she would rather do anything but talk about literature in the early lessons but she gradually gains confidence and skill in her speech and writing. A good example of her progress is her response to Macbeth. Initially she does not understand how to write about it and produces a 'crap' essay. Frank explains that the essay is not bad in terms of a personal response to the play but it does not fulfil the criteria of the course she is doing. Rita accepts this and resolves to write the essay again. Â   Rita's education goes far beyond just reading and responding to books however. When she first comes to the university she is impressed and even a little intimidated by the intelligent people she sees around her. By the end of the play she is able to tell them when they are speaking nonsense and join in their conversations as an equal. Success in her literature course has thus given her greater confidence in the wider world. Â   Willy Russell shows that for Rita, education involves a move out of her original social class and away from the values of her family and friends. This could be seen as a loss for her, but in moving beyond her working class background she gains in self-respect and self-confidence so that she is better able to handle the challenges of life. The most obvious thing she loses is her husband. From what Rita says, they seem to get on well enough, but Denny doesn't understand her wish to be educated.

A Night in Afghanistan Essay -- Personal Narrative, Descriptive Essay

"Shhhh!" my mother whispered as the tanks rumbled by under the cold Afghan night, the stars twinkling above the mountains surrounding us. From our hiding place in the brush along the shoulder of the dirt path through the Khyber Pass, I could see tanks stretching to infinity and, try as I might, I could not find an end to the convoy of trucks. Huddled along with my father, mother, and infant brother and sister, we peered anxiously as the Russian Spetsnaz scouts rolled past us in jeeps ahead of the convoy heading toward the Afghanistan-Pakistan border-the very place our destination lay. My brother began to whimper. My mother began to pray. It seemed as if the line of tanks would never end. Finally, as the last of them rolled by, silence engulfed us. My father had been planning for months for our flight into Pakistan along the Khyber road and we could not stop now. Our nerves were frayed. We had not slept for three days since being smuggled out of the capital and the 15-mile walk across the border might have well been 15 hundred miles. My father stopped for a moment and fished a small, empty... ... Today, that pouch of a few ounces of earth that my father gathered during our last hours in Afghanistan lies on a desk in his study, reminding me of what I have lost, of another place filled with memories that I used to call home. But today, what I call home is in Orange County, California, half a world away from Afghanistan. Perhaps one day I will go back to see what is left after the years of war and strife and once again relax in our old backyard, or go to pick apples in an orchard in the Maymana district. But I will go back only to visit.

School Violence and Safety Promotion :: School Violence Shootings Safety Essays

Increase in school violence Over the past several years, incidents of school violence have intensified. Disasters like the shootings at Columbine High School are not unheard of, and precautions for school safety are on the minds of numerous communities. Johnson and Johnson claim that â€Å"Teaching is different from what it used to be. Fifty years ago, the main disciplinary problems were running in the halls, talking out of turn, and chewing gum. Today’s transgressions include physical and verbal violence, incivility, and in some schools, drug abuse, robbery, assault, and murder† (1995). When examining school violence, researchers have begun to investigate how society has redefined violence as normal and acceptable, claiming that this is the root of the problem. In addition, I have considered other factors that lead to violence in schools. As violence increases, pressure for safe and orderly schools does the same. I feel that the first step to ensuring school safety is to work with the stud ents themselves to establish a safe school. The purpose of this research paper is to investigate the occurrences of violence in schools across the United States and to articulate strategies to promote school safety. Two forms of school violence When assessing violence, it is important to know that it occurs in two major forms. First, violence can penetrate the climate of schools, allowing negative events to escalate into increasingly damaging patterns. The second form of school violence entails random mayhem, where the school is simply the setting (Hill & Hill, 19). An example of the latter form is the sniper shooting that occurred at Walt Whitman High School on October 8, 2002. Both forms of school violence among young people in society are increasing, forcing educators to search desperately for causes. Causes of school violence One cause of this increase in school violence is the fact that society is slowly beginning to redefine violence as normal and acceptable. What is probably most alarming is that violence is becoming so commonplace in many communities and schools that it is considered the norm rather than the exception. Johnson and Johnson believe that the media is most responsible for children falsely believing that violence is acceptable: Mass media influence how people view violence and deviant behavior. Some television shows obliterate or obscure the boundaries that society has created between good and evil, public and private, shame and pride (Abt & Seeholtz 1994)†¦Killing is sometimes portrayed as understandable and righteous when it advances a certain point of view on a controversial issue.

Negative effects of cartoons Essay

Parents should limit the amount and the content of cartoons their children watch. Cartoons have a lot of negative impact on children because kids are very influential in a young age, watching cartoons that have violent and ill mannered content in it lets the children get exposed to such things at an age where they cannot yet distinguish right from wrong and reality from fake. Cartoons are negatively influential because they have too much violence, they make kids inactive and ultimately over weight, they set up a mind set for the child’s behavior and how they should act. Cartoons can be used for good things too, such as education for preschoolers or they can help infants and babies get linguistic exposure and start talking early. Cartoons can also be used as entertainment to keep kids out of trouble or occupied while their parents are busy doing something. Although cartoons can be used in a positive way like education for kids, most cartoons are not for educational purposes and most parents do not realize that the cartoons their children watch are harmful to their child’s health, mentally and physically. Cartoons today are mostly about entertainment, and violence is the biggest factor in it. Children who watch violence depicted on TV are more likely to imitate those acts since in cartoons they do not show the after math of violence, so kids do not really know the consequences of violence and they do not know why it’s a bad thing. Violence is depicted as a cool or fun thing and an effective way to get what you want. Kidshealth say that â€Å"Kids who view violent acts are more likely to show aggressive behavior but also fear that the world is scary and that something bad will happen to them†. (Kidshealth.org) and other experts say that â€Å"Today’s animation and games are so realistic it can be hard for kids to tell the difference between ‘pretend’ violence and live action, making some animation just as disturbing as the real thing† (schoolatoz.nsw.edu.au). Cartoons like family guy where content like violence, aggression, sexual immaturity and bad language is  depicted in every episode and is a available for kids from all age groups like elementary kids to high school students. Family guy is an American adult animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane, its format is black comedy and surreal humor. In this cartoon the main character is Peter Griffin who is a middle aged man. Peter Griffins main activities are going to the bar to hang out with his friends and drinking, he is very immature and irresponsible in the way he acts and the things he does. In many episodes of the cartoon Peter Griffin ends up fighting with a rooster named Ernie, and they fight for like five minutes nonstop, destroing everything in their path. The family of Peter Griffin always fight and argue and that promotes domestic violence, especially to kids who do not know any better. All the characters in the cartoon are terrible role models, and almost every character does something terrible whether it is killing, drug use, drinking, perversity and more. This cartoon and others like it are available for children who watch TV without the supervision of their parents. Obesity is becoming a growing problem for kids because they are watching cartoons that advertise unhealthy eating and they spend too much time being inactive in front of the TV. A child who watches cartoons frequently probably has a favorite character that he or she likes, now the danger comes in when that child’s favorite cartoon character starts doing risky things that are ultimately or immediately harmful to them. If a cartoon character starts eating unhealthy, the child who admires that character will want to eat whatever they saw the cartoon character eat, and the children will even beg and cry to their parents to get the food product that has their favorite characters picture on it. Whether the food product is healthy or not their parents will end up buying it just to make their kids stop crying. Research shows that â€Å"children who consistently spend more than 4 hours per day watching TV are more likely to be overweight† (kidshealth.org). If there is an activity children might be doing that makes them active and on TV they have their favorite cartoon show on they will choose that cartoon show over playing and being active because the cartoons are designed to be entertaining and addictive to children. Most often children watch cartoons with a snack nearby and end up over eating and ultimately gain weight over a period of their childhood lives. Cartoons are an effective way to teach children school subjects through fun and humor to keep children interested and motivated to learn. Children tend to learn better and faster when they are shown or thought any subject by someone they like and if it is presented to them appropriately. Cartoons are attractive to children because they are made specifically for kids. Cartoons like Curios George, teach kids how to be adventures, generous, curious, to persevere and how to be friendly. Curious George also sets a good example for children to follow , like when George feeds the birds on his roof and when he helps out with groceries and how he is always considerate of others. Because of how attractive cartoons are to children, parents really need to be careful about what they let their children watch because cartoons could leave a big influence on them in a negative way. Yes there are some good affects of cartoons, however it still comes down to the need of the parents to monitor what their kids watch because after all, it is the parents responsibility to teach their kids how to have good morals and character and not some cartoon show that happens keep their children smiling or keep them busy while the parents do something else. Parents must not be tricked into thinking that because a story is presented in cartoon format it has a lesser impact on children. cartoons are harmful to children because they are too influential to kids and most cartoons today are violent and they send ill messages to kids like for example, that they need to be aggressive to get what they want or that they can be violent and get away with it without consequences. Cartoons that have violence almost never show the consequences of violence and that’s how children end up thinking that it’s not a bad thing and that way they eventually get desensitized to it. Cartoons can make children over weight because they are inactive for hours at a time and they are allowed to do this daily without the supervision of their parents. Cartoons can be used for good also like, they can teach children about nature and animals and they can learn about school subjects. Cartoons like â€Å"Dora The Explorer† where they teach kids new things about nature and they teach kids Spanish and how to be adventures. Cartoons can be used for good but that does not make them less harmful because they are still highly influential to kids because of how  much impact they can have on a child’s view of how they should behave. It comes down to the need of the parents to monitor the content of the cartoons they let their children watch and how involved they want to be in their child’s life and how they want their kids to grow up. Work Cited http://kidshealth.org/parent/positive/family/tv_affects_child.html#. Steven Dowshen, MD. October 2011. August 10, 2013. http://www.schoolatoz.nsw.edu.au/technology/using-technology/does-cartoon-violence-make-kids-more-aggressive. August 10, 2013.

P.I.E.S

This is where a life is forming growing bigger and bigger every day. At 4 weeks, the baby's spinal cord, the formation of arms and legs are beginning to develop. At this stage, the little life form is now an embryo. By 8 weeks, all major organs and external limbs would be developing, continuing to grow in size, also the eyes. The baby's heart begins to beat with a regular rhythm and the determined sex organs begin to develop. This Is when the fetus begins to look more like a human but only reaching roughly an Inch long In size. Also, the umbilical cord has become more visible.By 12 weeks, the baby's nerves and muscles begin to work with catheter which can be shown but the baby making a fist. Also at 12 weeks, you are able to fled out whether your baby Is a girl or a boy as the external sex organs become visible. The baby's eyes will have eyelids that have recently developed which will then cover the eyes to protect them from other fluids until later on in the pregnancy when they will be able to control the movement of their eyes. By muscles, tissue and skin starts to form, giving an even more defined human shape.Although the skin is now being developed, at this stage, the skin is quite transparent. Intellectual and Emotional – The intellectual part of pregnancy is very important to the Mother's mental preparation for birth. This would be anything from buying your baby's first clothes and necessities to decorating the nursery. Things like this keep the mother's mind from worrying about things such as whether her baby will have any Issues, or If she would have any Issues Glenn birth. The mother will also need a lot of love and support during pregnancy because her hormonal changes will make her very emotional.Pregnancy can mentally affect the mother especially if she is one to worry, mainly because of the changes that are going on with her body. For the baby, the intellectual stage is when the brain is fully developed and it is said that by his stage, the b aby is actually able to dream. Birth and Infancy: P. I. E. S Physical – Between birth and the age of 3, babies begin to develop different strengths and skills. This is from learning basic strengths like rolling, then crawling then standing to walking then running, to learning to talk and sing.Muscle development in a baby starts from the head down. This is why they go from lifting their head the running. The first control a baby will learn will be control of their neck. Intellectual – Straight from birth, babies are already beginning to communicate and Interact with other people especially adults. This can be from crying to clenching their fists around a finger. Also, as the baby Is Intellectually developing, they are being able to express their needs and emotions using gestures.As the baby develops into infancy, they are how to use their emotions properly like crying if they are hurt or not getting what they want, and laughing and smiling when they are happy or find so mething funny. Emotional – At birth, the only emotion that a baby has is the ability to cry. They don't understand emotions yet until they further develop. When a baby is born, they need a lot of love and care. This is extremely important, because it ensures that the baby feels safe and secure. This is vital for the baby to grow up feeling comfortable and safe in their home and in their family.By about the age of 1-3 they learn how to smile and laugh which lets them express their emotions when they are happy. They learn different emotions and express them in ways that they understand such as pulling tantrums or laughing at something funny. By the age of 3, an infant should pretty much know all emotions and when they know which emotions are relevant to different situations. Social – From 0-3, the only social development will be speech and sutures with close individuals especially the parents and other family members.This actually builds their self esteem and confidence which is very important because it creates good social skills for their future social interaction with others. Getting to the age of 2-3, the infant becomes more aware of other people like strangers on a bus; they will wave or say hello to other individuals, sometimes even animals. This improves their social skills because by the age of 3, the infant may even have friends. Usually this will be from cousins; to maybe other infants they regularly see such as neighbors or other infants at playgroups. Childhood: P. I. E.S Physical – At this stage, children will enjoy the fact that they can walk and run, and they will learn how to dance, climb, ride bikes (with stabilizers to Just two wheels), how to swing, and possibly swim. This is very exciting for them because they are able to discover different activities and are able to have fun and express individual activities that they may enjoy as a regular hobby; such as football, swimming, riding, racing etc†¦ At this stage, it is important that children are supervised with everything they do because it teaches them how to be safe with what they do for themselves ND others around them.From birth to the age of 3, a child grows quite fast, at the childhood stage, the child's growth slows down but they can have growth spurts height wise. Intellectual – This stage is the most important stage for the development of the brain and mind. Especially educationally. At this stage, children will become a lot more interested in pretty much everything. They will be prone to asking loads of questions about anything from what they have seen or how they feel. They are most likely to be a lot more interested in their environment, their society and different cultures.They express this by the interest in costumes and they like to do performances. Also at this stage, they will be going through primary solicitation and secondary solicitation so they will be learning many different things every day. They will also pay more attention to where they live. Emotional – In the childhood stage, children are learning to deal with other individuals feelings as well as theirs. They also learn new skills and how to behave well such as learning manners. They learn how to deal with their own emotions especially when they are interacting with others especially other children.Children will start forming bonds with other children who can even become life long friends; they learn how to respect others, and they also learn how to connect with other children similar to them. Social – During childhood, developing long term social relationships whereas others are better at keeping close friends only for a short time. The most important part of solicitation in this stage is that children learn the importance of good relationships and friends. Adolescence: Physical – This is one of the most changing life stages. At this stage, teenagers will become Men and Woman.Their body will be going through many cha nges; this is called puberty. Boys; for boys, puberty consists of the breaking of their voice (their voice becomes deeper) due to the ‘dropping of their testicles. They begin to grow a lot faster in height, and baby fat begins to disappear or turn into muscle. They begin to grow facial hair and hair in intimate areas and the armpits. This is all due to the production of testosterone. Girls; for girls, puberty consists of the formation of the breasts, menstrual periods; preparing them for motherhood, they begin to grow bodily hair and hair on intimate areas.This is all due to the production of estrogen. Intellectual – At this stage, teenagers are able to imagine different experiences that they may not have seen or done before. Also, they begin to imagine their future and would have a better idea of what they want to achieve in their future. They become more alike adults in terms of dealing with problems. Also in this stage, teenagers will be looking at their first Job ev en if it is Just a small part time Job, it prepares them for future bigger work opportunities and also gives them experience and responsibility.Emotional – At this stage teenagers are experiencing hormonal changes; meaning hat their emotions can be off balance causing mood swings and aggression in some cases. This could be difficult for family and friends, and can have an affect on the opposite sex such as pressure on relationships and friendships. At this stage feeling masculine is very important towards a guys self esteem and confidence. You wont often see them cry, and they may tend to show off inferno of their fellow friends. This makes them feel more superior and dominant. For a woman, they like to feel wanted and sexy.They will wear clothing that shows more skin and will show off their curves. Like men, this is important to the development of self esteem and self- confidence. Teenagers will have created long term relationships as friends and some maybe a long term girlf riend or boyfriend; their emotions will be much stronger and will become more attached to others around the same age. They become a lot more emotionally attached to people and stronger bonds are formed. During adolescence, teenagers will be most likely to experience love for the first time; some more than once, some actually find their soul mate.Social – Teenagers become a lot more independent so they begin to not rely on their family as much and tend to rely a lot ore on their friends or their peer group for support and advice. This can put pressure on their family and friends. Teenagers desire the need to belong to a group. They will express this through what they wear and their interests/hobbies. A main part of this stage is experiencing their sexuality. This is when they start experiencing sexual contact, and different relationships.At this stage, some teenagers can become confused with their sexuality and may want to experience relationships and sexual experiences with t he same sex. Adulthood: P. I. E. S During this stage, adults may progress to the need of glasses for reading and/or rating, due to changes in sight. They may also experience difficulties in their hearing leading to the need of hearing aids. Another change would be change in hair color (grey) and sometimes even loss of hair; mostly occurring in men. This is the stage where growth stops and your body processes begin to slow down and become more relaxed.By the age of 45-55, women are most likely to experience menopause which is when their periods stop and they lose the ability to have children. Intellectual – At this stage, adults are more likely to be in a stable Job. The older adults will have earned a lot from previous experiences which will give them skills and benefit them in future opportunities. The older adults are also a lot more wiser, and will know what is best to do in situations and will know what is best for younger individuals. Emotional – During this life stage, adults go through many emotions mainly to do with relationships and their career.They will feel a lot more stress due to work and also to do with pressure of having a partner or not having one. Also, this is the life stage when families are beginning to be created; couples are deciding to have children, some even have their first grandchildren. Also during this life strange, relationships with family members improve and adults feel closer to their parents than ever before; either because they realize that family are the ones who are actually always there for them and/or because they have a family of their own and understands how it must have felt.Social – The younger adults gain more sexual experience, some of them; it will be their partner who they feel they will have a future with. As years have past, it has become more regular that adults are having children younger and younger. With the older adults, partnership and marriage comes more into light which becomes very important to adults self. It becomes a key aspect of their social life; it is important to have a stable social life at this age because it builds your self esteem and confidence which are key skills for employment.Employment; it is key to be in paid employment at this stage, because at this stage, adults have a lot more responsibility for themselves and need to be reliant on themselves rather than their parents. This is key for building their own future and is important for their social life. Older 65+: P. I. E. S Physical – At this stage, older adults become a lot more weaker and less able or national. Everything they do (what they can do) takes a lot longer to do than what it would an adult. This can be from difficulty breathing, their bodies become weaker such as their bones, muscles, organs etc†¦ Hey become a lot less mobile. At this stage, older adults are more prone to illnesses and can develop conditions such as arthritis. Also, visually, you change, you produce rankles, skin spots and other visual signs of aging. Intellectual – At this stage, mental ability decreases; older adults forget things, are not able to solve problems or cope with them as well and will have many difficulties. On the other hand, older adults who are more healthy and enjoy their exercise are more able to keep their mental abilities and their knowledge can carry on developing.At this stage, they will be at most wise and this can still increase. At this age, older adults will have had their whole life as experience and will have many memories which adds to their knowledge about anything. An example would be someone who may have experienced an historic event such as a war. Future older adult will be useful. Emotional – The main thing emotionally at this stage is mentally staying strong through the sense of old age and any problems that may or eave occurred. At this age, older adults are likely to lose their confidence and self esteem because of the way th ey are treated.Individuals of this age who have a family especially if it is a large family, they are more likely to keep their self esteem and confidence because they will receive comfort, support, stability and encouragement; strong bonds with grandchildren are common and give the older adults a sense of being young again, also older adults like to see themselves as role models for their grandchildren. Social – Older adults lives vary. At this stage, older adults are more likely to to be retired.This is a good way to socialize and make friends especially if they are in retirement homes or go to activities or centers based for their age. Having a family is important because a family provides emotional and practical support through anything that happens such as health problems or if they Just need support for something such as work or decisions. Health problems can have a strong effect on an older adults social life and they could end up feeling isolated from society; which i s why family and friends are important at this stage. An older adults norms and beliefs will also become more important to them.

Should Lord of the Flies Be Banned?

English Debate 2011-2012 Should Lord of the Flies Be Banned From Chisago Lakes High School? Argument #1 Peer Pressure By: Elizabeth Gornik We’re sitting here talking, in Mr. Scharnberg’s first hour English class at Chisago Lakes High School, about how this classic book â€Å"Lord of the Flies† by William Golding affects our everyday lives. Half of the room believes it’s a life lesson and should be continued in our education curriculum and the other half believes its sending a horrible message to our society and should be forever banned from our school.I believe that it’s an educational book and should continue to be taught; it’s a great read and has changed my outlook on things in life. For the other half of you I understand where you guys are coming from, this book has sexual references, its violent and makes fun of disabled people; but you have to look past that and see the deep meaning in the gory paragraphs. In our lives we face many chal lenges; one of the big issues is peer pressure. We all face it in high school, drugs, sex, parties, alcohol, skipping school, etc. The dictionary definition of peer pressure is influence from members of one’s peer group.Lord of the Flies is a perfect of example peer pressure; it shows how everyone cracks under pressure. Choices they make are determined by the manipulation and domination of their more powerful friends. The littl’uns are faced with pressure because they don’t exactly know what’s going on, they whole lives they’ve been supported by their families and didn’t have to worry about seeing tomorrow’s daylight. Now they have to depend on boys twice their age because everyone else is and they don’t know how to take care of themselves. Another situation is when ll the boys first met and everyone was making fun of Piggy and calling him â€Å"Fatty†, Ralph decided to be part of the fun and giggles and tell everyone Pi ggy’s secret nickname to feel part of the crowd. Later on in the book the more Ralph realizes that Piggy was his one, true friend. Towards the end of the book Samneric were pressured into joining Jack’s tribe by threatening them. They end up joining to save their lives. This book clearly shows that how they’re acting is influenced by the things that they have gone through, the surroundings is what influenced them, not a book.Think about it, Jack became obsessed with hunting because that’s all he could do to entertain himself. When teens and children even adults are bored they tend to experiment things such as drugs, sex, alcohol. If you’re not keeping yourself busy and hanging around the wrong people, eventually you get influenced to do things you will regret doing in the future. Also, it shows that the consequences of our mistakes, it does not encourage us to do the same. If you actually thought deep about the text and not just surface through the offensive situations, you just might see what I see, a life lesson that each and every one of us need to learn.

All About Prepositional Phrases, with Over 60 Examples

All About Prepositional Phrases, with Over 60 Examples All About Prepositional Phrases, with Over 60 Examples All About Prepositional Phrases, with Over 60 Examples By Michael This article contains every common preposition in the English language. Isnt it nice to know that you can learn them all? A list of every common verb or every common noun would be very long Prepositional phrases usually begin with a preposition and end with an object. For example, in the prepositional phrase under the hill, under is the preposition and the hill is the object. A prepositional phrase serves as an adjective or adverb; that is, it modifies a noun or a verb. In the sentence He left after lunch, the prepositional phrase after lunch is used as an adverb to modify the verb left. It tells us when he left, as do He left earlier or He left later. There is no adverb in English that says, He left post-lunch-ly. The object of a preposition is a noun (after the meal), or at least some kind of a noun, such as a gerund (after eating), pronoun (after him), or a noun clause (after what he ate). Some writers tie their writing into knots to keep from breaking a supposed rule against ending a sentence with a preposition. When criticized for doing that, Winston Churchill is supposed to have replied, This is the type of errant pedantry up with which I will not put. His point was that it would be clearer to say, I will not put up with that type of errant pedantry. Maybe your sentence would be clearer without any preposition. Earlier weve given you five ways to minimize prepositional phrases. Prepositions such as of and by are sometimes clues that the sentence could be made shorter or more direct. For example: An occurrence of sneezing is sometimes considered a sign of disease by over-cautious parents. Remove two prepositions and its shorter and better: Over-cautious parents sometimes fear that sneezing can signal a disease. List of Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases Examples Aboard: I was aboard the Titanic but escaped on an life raft. About: Kids are crazy about playing Fortnite. Above: There was a cat meowing above me in a tree. Across: I have sailed across the Atlantic Ocean. After: After I finish school, I have always planned to be a dermatologist. Against: Its the Bulls against the Lakers for the basketball championship. Along: The pirate came along the aft side, threw a line over the rail, and boarded the ship with a sword in his teeth. Amid: Amid the cheering crowd, she walked to the platform to receive her medal. Among: After the battle, I grieved to see that among the bodies lay friends and foes. Around: My grandfather put his arm around me and promised to buy me a pocket knife. At: At the football game, freckled teenagers sold sodas to raise money for their club. Before: Wash your hands before supper, and after supper too, in your case. Behind: Behind the barn, I imagine theres an old Lamborghini tractor or two. Below: That chipmunk must live below the ground because he disappeared into a hole yesterday. Beneath: Caves can extend miles beneath the surface of the earth. Beside: She sat beside me and said that her ring had just slipped down the drain. Between: This suspicion between us is damaging our careers in espionage. Beyond: The size of the universe is beyond imagination. But: Everyone but Mom ate jalapeno ice pops. By: Our next poem was written by Robert Frost. Concerning: I speak to you today concerning the great opportunity before us. Considering: The racehorse kept up a good pace, considering her age. Despite: Despite her potato heart, Veggie-Girl faced the forces of evil daily. Down: Look down the foaming river before you decide to dive in. During: I cried during the whole movie after my drink spilled in my lap. Except: I would make cookies except I have no flour. Following: Read the next chapter, then answer the questions following the map section. For: This present is for you, Jimmy, so be thankful. From: I came from the future! In: Help, my foots stuck in the fence. Inside: Three dogs live inside one big doghouse. Into: Look into the crystal ball and see your future. Like: I love my suntan even though I look like a burnt chicken nugget. Minus: The dress looks much better minus the red frill. Near: The flagpole near the pine tree is almost as tall. Next to: Put the Chaucer on the bookshelf next to the Caedmon. Of: The life of a millionaire is amazing: the cars, the money, the taxes. Off: The paint will not come off my shoes. On: Snow fell on my head when I sledded under a tree. Onto: He drove off the main highway and onto a gravel road. Opposite: She lived in the cottage opposite the pond. Out: Look out the window at the beautiful sunset. Outside: Its dry here, but I hear its raining outside of town. Over: Okay, can you jump over a traffic cone on a skateboard? Past: The football flew past the car and into a tree. Plus: The vacation included a week on the island plus the cruise to the island. Regarding: I speak to you today regarding the great opportunity before us. Since: Ive felt depressed ever since my grandfather died. Through: The baseball flew past the tree and through the window. Throughout: Throughout history, there have always been compassionate people. To: Send this sword to Sir Raymond of the Palms. Toward: Hit the ball toward the sky and get out of the way. Under: I dug under the ground and found a gopher hole. Underneath: I just realized theres quicksand underneath me. Unlike: The northern moors are treacherous and isolated, unlike the southern moors, which attract tourists. Until: Dont wake me until eight oclock Christmas morning. Up: Uncle George went up on the roof to get the rocket back. Upon: I bestow upon you this gift of armor. Versus: Traveling by dogsled can be cold, versus traveling by train. With: With the weather outside so sunny, I think I should ride my bike. Within: Theres no gas station within 100 miles. Without: Without food or water, we could not survive. Prepositional Phrase Quiz Choose the answer that reflects the prepositional phrase in each sentence. 1. The northern moors are treacherous and isolated, unlike the southern moors, which attract tourists. unlike the southern moors which attract tourists 2. Look into the crystal ball and see your future. into the crystal ball your future 3. With the weather outside so sunny, I think I should ride my bike. With the weather outside so sunny I think I should ride my bike 4. At the football game, freckled teenagers sold sodas to raise money for their club. for their club At the football game Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 "Home" Idioms and ExpressionsCannot or Can Not?5 Examples of Insufficient Hyphenation

The Theory of ‘The Zone of Proximal Development’ and ‘Scaffolding’ The WritePass Journal

The Theory of ‘The Zone of Proximal Development’ and ‘Scaffolding’ References: The Theory of ‘The Zone of Proximal Development’ and ‘Scaffolding’ IntroductionSection 1: The Theory of ‘The Zone of Proximal Development’ and ‘Scaffolding’.Section 2: Educational examples of teaching utilising ‘ZPD’ and ‘Scaffolding’.Section 3: Implications of scaffolding on Teaching and the Teacher.References:Related Introduction Section 1: The Theory of ‘The Zone of Proximal Development’ and ‘Scaffolding’. â€Å"The zone of proximal development is the distance between what children can do by themselves and the next learning that they can be helped to achieve with competent assistance† (Raymond, 2000, p.176). Vygotskys socio-cultural theory is widely cited by educators and teachers even today, as they formulate plans on how to get the most from students, challenging them to reach their highest potential. Vygoysky believed that social interaction leads not only to increased levels of knowledge, but that it actually changes a childs thoughts and behaviours and hence develops problem solving. Since it is the goal of parents and teachers alike to help children become high achievers, taking a look at the work of Vygotsky and examining his conclusions seemed the best course for this assignment. Lev Vygotsky’s concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD) is what has led to the term and concept of learning through scaffolding, as introduced in 1976 by Wood, Bruner and Ross, to describe educational interaction between an adult and a child.   The idea was used to explore the nature of aid provided by a teacher for children learning how to carry out a task they could not perform alone.   Bruner’s ideas of spiral curriculum and scaffolding are related. Bruner (1960) stated that the curriculum should revisit the basic ideas for each subject, repeatedly building upon them until the pupil understands them fully (the spiral curriculum), rather than just to learn the facts. A parallel has been drawn between the notion of scaffolding and ZPD theories of Vygotsky (Hobsbaum,A., Peters,S., Sylva,K., 1996). If teachers wish to provide learning opportunities, they must assess the child’s present developmental level and estimate the ‘length’ of the ZDP. This can be achieved by using current APP grids and assessing the exact level of the pupil and what they need to achieve to reach the next level and progress further.   But, the child must be able to make use of the help of others; the learner needs the ability to benefit from the give-and-take activities and conversations with others (Bruner, 1983).   Vygotsky acknowledged the limits of the ZPD, but most psychological research has emphasized the importance of the role of the environment; including parents and other adults (teachers and care givers) who are ‘expert’ models and guides for a young learner. The full development during the ZPD depends upon full social interaction and the more the child takes advantage of an adult’s assistance, the broader their ‘Zone of Proximal Development’ is. Vygotsky defined scaffolding instruction as the â€Å"role of teachers and others in supporting the learner’s development and providing support structures to get to that next stage or level† (Raymond, 2000, p. 176). Vygotsky refers to what children can do on their own as the ‘level of actual development’. LAD in his view, it is the level of actual development that a standard IQ test measures.   Such a measure is undoubtedly important, but it is also incomplete.   Two children might have the same level of actual development, in the sense of being able to solve the same number of problems on a standardised test.   Given appropriate help from an adult, still, one child might be able to solve an additional dozen problems while the other child might be able to solve only two or three more.   What the child can do with the help is referred to as the ‘level of potential development’ (Vasta, R., Haith, M.M., Miller, S.A., 1995). Scaffolding can take the form of targeted questioning for a specific task or modeling a task, so that a teacher can individualise learning to meet the requirements of each individual student.   However this is dependent on the teacher knowing the pupils’ previous knowledge.   The scaffolds facilitate a student’s ability to build on their prior knowledge and interpret new data or information. The activities provided in scaffolding instruction are at the next learning level beyond the LAD or what the learner can do alone (Olson Pratt, 2000).   The teacher provides the scaffolds so that the learner can accomplish with assistance – the tasks that he or she could otherwise not complete, thus helping the learner through the ZPD (Bransford, Brown, Cocking, 2000). Section 2: Educational examples of teaching utilising ‘ZPD’ and ‘Scaffolding’. If we first review Assignment 2 (appendix one) we can see that the two pupils have considerably differing LAD’s. Pupil Two working at a Level 3C and Pupil One working at Level 2B. This was evident with the amount of scaffolding that each pupil required throughout the task. Pupil Two was able to complete the task with limited scaffolding, as her ‘level of actual development’ was high and through questioning to ensure that she followed a sequence she completed the task. However with Pupil One, a large amount of modelling and leading questions were required to allow her to complete the task because her LAD was at a lower level and her previous experiences of problem solving were limited so she was therefore limited to the experiences she could recall. â€Å"Every function in the child’s cultural development appears twice: first, on the social level, and later, on the individual level; first, between people (interpsychological) and then inside the child (intrapsychological).† (Vygotsky, 1978). However approximately four weeks later during my first teaching practice I finished a numeracy unit with a similar problem with a lower ability group. Pupil One who had required a large amount of scaffolding was able to approach the task as she had the experience and the tools to approach this task (appendix two) and complete it with limited support and therefore show that previous experience is vital and that if the pupil is actively listening during the process that it will assist. This is supported by Vygotsky (1978) as he believed that the internalisation of these tools led to higher thinking skills. During assignment four (appendix four, p5-7) we can again see that Pupil One, who is read to at home, using more advanced books, but also regularly reads with a supporting adult. Helped by their parents when they first start learning to speak, young children are provided with instinctive structures to learn a language. Bed-time stories and read alouds are classic examples (Daniels, 1994). She has a higher reading age and has far more reading strategies to ensure that she is a fluent reader, but also through her social background as stated by Vygotsky (1978) she has a greater understanding of the text and the ability to discuss the text. Pupil Two however, reads mainly on her own and is therefore unable to discuss any issues within the text with a more able adult. This restricts her to only one type of strategy, therefore she is working at a whole level behind Pupil One. In assignment three, (appendix three) we can see that this task was an open task to see how problem solving could be developed within ‘Gifted’ and ‘Talented’ literacy pupils. They were asked to create a way of showing next year’s Year 3 pupils what performance poetry is. Therefore the pupils did not have any teacher input apart from giving the seven pupils the objective and explain that they would be filmed to allow observation. By watching the video back we can see that the pupils had to explain and support each other through the task by acting as peer tutors. â€Å"Children also learn from each other by collaborative learning, involving children who are at similar levels of competence working together in pairs or in groups and also peer tutoring, involving a more knowledgeable child providing guidance to another child in order to bring him up to a higher level of competence in a task. Research has shown that this not only benefits the child who is receiving the guidance; it also promotes learning in the child expert.† Maynard 2006. By reviewing the results and the video evidence it is possible to see that an individual pupil would not have achieved a complete task, as they had to discuss and talk through how they were going to choose the poetry, a location and the structure of the film. Each pupil had their own input and they worked together to produce the final film. Section 3: Implications of scaffolding on Teaching and the Teacher. Before discussing the implications of scaffolding, we have to realise that these examples are taken from pupils either individually or in small groups and from a controlled environment, where they do not have any external social factors effecting them. In society today educators need to take into account and realise that teaching in a class of 30, there will be individuals with issues that can be beyond their control and that before teaching we have to take into account the five factors of ‘Every Child Matters’ that if a child has one of these missing they will not be able to focus and learn. One of the primary benefits of scaffolding instruction is that it engages the learner.   The learner does not passively listen to information presented but instead through teacher questioning and prompting, the learner builds on prior knowledge and forms new knowledge.   In working with students who have low self-esteem and learning disabilities, it provides an opportunity to give positive feedback to the students by saying things like â€Å"†¦see what you have achieved so far!†Ã‚   This gives them more of a can do attitude, compared to a; I can’t do this attitude.   This leads into another advantage of scaffolding in that if done properly, scaffolding instruction motivates the student so that they want to learn.   However the significance of the ZPD is that it determines the lower and upper bounds of the zone within which instruction should be pitched. This requires an experienced teacher who understands the current educational level of every pupil. Theref ore Instruction is only useful when it moves ahead of development (Vygotsky 1978 p. 212), leading the child to carry out activities that force him to rise above himself (Vygotshy 1978 p. 213). Therefore, this indicates that working with a class of thirty children means that a teacher would have to take into account thirty LAD’s and ZPD’s. The difficulties of this are self-evident but proficient teachers are able to at least maximise this understanding. Another benefit of this type of instruction is that it can minimise the level of frustration of the learner.   This is extremely important with many special needs students, who can become frustrated very easily then shut down and refuse to participate in further learning during that particular setting. Scaffold instruction is individualised so it can benefit each learner.   However, this is also the biggest disadvantage for the teacher since developing the supports and scaffolded lessons to meet the needs of each individual would be extremely time-consuming. Implementation of individualised scaffolds in a classroom with a large number of students would be challenging, therefore pupils can become grouped within their current ability and LAD that they are currently working at. However as we have previously seen, pupils working as a group can scaffold each other and therefore develop their skills collaboratively. These groups would then benefit from being mixed ability as the higher ability pupil would be able to act as the expert. This would also help to motivate all pupils on task and provide responsibility. Reciprocal scaffolding, a method first coined by Holton and Thomas, is a method that involves a group of two or more collaboratively working together, as we see in assignment three. In this situation, the group can learn from each others experiences and knowledge. The scaffolding is shared by each member and changes constantly as the group works on a task (Holton and Clarke, 2006). According to Vygotsky, students develop higher-level thinking skills when scaffolding occurs with an adult expert or with a peer of higher capabilities (Stone, 1998). This is completely opposed to Paiget’s theory. Another disadvantage is that unless properly trained, a teacher may not properly implement scaffolding instruction and therefore not see the full effect.   Scaffolding also requires that the teacher give up some of the control and allow the students to make errors.   This may be difficult for teachers to do, as teachers are required to plan their lessons and meet specific objectives, the lesson could progress in a completely different direction and therefore not meet that specific objective. So timing of the teacher’s imput is vital, to ensure children do not go too far off track. Although there are some drawbacks to the use of scaffolding as a teaching strategy, I believe that the positive impact it has on the development of pupils, and therefore the success of the lesson, is vital to consider when planning. References: Applebee, A. N. and J. A. Langer, 1983. Instructional scaffolding: Reading and writing as natural language activities. Language Arts, 60/2. Bransford, J., Brown, A., Cocking, R.   (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, and Experience School.   Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Bruner, J. (1960). The Process of Education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Bruner, J. 1978. The role of dialogue in language acquisition In A. Sinclair, R., J. Jarvelle, and W. J. M. Levelt (eds.) The Childs Concept of Language. New York: Springer-Verlag. Daniels, H. (1994). Literature Circles: Voice and choice in the student-centered classroom. Markham: Pembroke Publishers Ltd Hobsbaum, A., Peters, S., Sylva, K. (1996). Scaffolding in Reading Recovery. Oxford Review of Education, 22, 17-35 Holton, Derek, and Clark, David (2006). Scaffolding and metacognition. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 37, 127-143. Maynard, S. (2006). Vygotsky and the Child Apprentice. teachingexpertise.com/articles/vygotsky-and-the-child-apprentice-1428 5/04/2011. Olson, J. and Platt, J. (2000).   The Instructional Cycle.   Teaching Children and Adolescents with Special Needs (pp. 170-197).   Upper Saddle River, NJ:   Prentice-Hall, Inc. Raymond, E. (2000). Cognitive Characteristics.   Learners with Mild Disabilities (pp. 169-201). Needham Heights, MA:   Allyn Bacon, A Pearson Education Company. Stone, C. A. (1998). The metaphor of scaffolding: Its utility for the field of learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 31(4), 344–364. Vygotsky, L.S. (1978). Mind and society: The development of higher mental processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Creative Process essays

Creative Process essays The creative process is learning not to see with your eyes, but with your heart and soul. Creativity is an original product of the imagination. The imagination is the central force in driving the creative process. The creative process focuses on the mechanisms and phases involved as one partakes in a creative act. A second aspect of creativity is the creative person. Here, personality traits of creative people are central. The creative process includes five steps but is not limiting, leaving room for your own style to shine through. Creativity involves the translation of our unique gifts, talents and vision into an external reality that is new, useful and uniquely ours. Stephen Nachmanovitch, author of Free Play, wrote spontaneous creation comes from our deepest being and is immaculately and originally ourselves...ultimately, the only techniques that can help us are those we invent ourselves (10). We should not feel constrained to stay between the lines; we should feel free to express ourselves in any way we see fit. Originality is derived from being true to ourselves, not anything else. Artist Betty Edwards believes there are five common steps in the creative process. The creative process steps should be used as a guideline to aid the creative individual along the way. Luckily, the trail...is at least marked with pointers to guide the chase...like clues in a treasure hunt, these notations spur the quest (Edwards 2). The stages of the creative process follow a successive order beginning with the first insight and followed by saturation, incubation, illumination and verification. There is not much more to say about the creative process because there are different personality types, and the creative processes of one are not the same as those of another...each of us must find his or her own way into and through these essential mysteries (Nachmanovitch 10). The process is like a dark...

Virginia Colony in Colonial America

Virginia Colony in Colonial America In 1607,  Jamestown became Great Britains first settlement in North America, the first foothold of the Virginia Colony. Its permanency came after three failed attempts by Sir Walter Raleigh beginning in 1586 to attempt to establish a stronghold in the land he called Virginia after his queen, Elizabeth I. And its continued survival was very much in doubt for the first fifteen years. Fast Facts: Virginia Colony Also Known As: Colony and Dominion of VirginiaNamed After: Queen Elizabeth I (the Virgin Queen), named by Walter RaleighFounding Year: 1606Founding Country: EnglandFirst Known European Settlement: Jamestown, 1607Residential Native Communities: Powhatan, MonacansFounders:  Walter Raleigh, John SmithImportant People: Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, Thomas Dale, Thomas Gates, Pocahontas, Samuel Argall, John RolfeFirst Continental Congressmen: Richard Bland, Benjamin Harrison, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, Edmund Pendleton, Peyton Randolph, George WashingtonSigners of the Declaration: George Wythe, Richard Herny Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Nelson, Francis Lightfoot Lee, Carter Braxton Early Colonial Life On April 10, 1606, King James I (ruled 1566–1625) issued a charter creating two companies for Virginia, one based in London and one in Plymouth, to settle all of the land between the Passamaquoddy Bay in Maine and the Cape Fear River in North Carolina. Plymouth would get the north half and London the south.   The Londoners left on December 20, 1606, in three ships carrying 100 men and four boys, and they landed in what is today the Chesapeake Bay area. A landing party scouted for a suitable area, and the three ships worked their way up what they called (and is still called) the James River, landing at the site of Jamestown on May 13, 1607. The location of Jamestown was chosen because it would be easily defended since it was surrounded by water on three sides; the water was deep enough for the colonists ships, and Native Americans did not inhabit the land. Unfortunately, there were reasons the Native Americans did not inhabit the land; there was no potable water source, and the marshy landscape emitted great clouds of mosquitoes and flies. Disease, heat, and skirmishes with the Native Americans consumed both colonists and their supplies and by the time the first supply ship arrived in September, only 37 of the original 104 colonists were living. The Starving Time Captain John Smith assumed the colonys leadership in September 1608, and his leadership is credited with improving conditions and stockpiling stores. England continued to send supplies and colonists and in late Spring 1609, after the colony had been reorganized into a joint stock venture, London sent nine ships and 500 colonists. The ship bearing the deputy governor Thomas Gates wrecked off the Bermuda coast. The 400 survivors straggled into Jamestown in the late summer, too sick to work but fully capable of consuming the stockpile of stores. Disease and famine set in, and between October 1609 and March 1610, the colony population dropped from 500 to about 60. The winter became known as The Starving Time, and the colony became known as a deathtrap. During the early period of the colony, Jamestown was primarily a military outpost, populated by men, either gentlemen or indentured servants/ The servants who survived were obligated to work for their passage for a period of seven years. By 1614, those indentures began to expire and those who chose to remain became free laborers. Signs of Recovery Leadership of the colony by Thomas Dale and Thomas Gates kept the colony going between 1610 and 1616, and the colony began to grow strong after John Rolfe began his experiments with tobacco, Nicotiana rustica, to make it more palatable to the English taste.  When a royal family member of the Powhatan tribe named Pocahontas married John Rolfe in 1614, relations with the Native American community eased. That ended when she died in England in 1617. The first enslaved African Americans were brought to the colony in 1619. Jamestown had a high mortality rate due to disease, colonial mismanagement, and raids from Native Americans. The presence of women and family units encouraged some growth and stability, but factionalism and fiscal insolvency continued to plague Virginia. In 1622, a Powhatan attack on Virginia killed 350 settlers, plunging the colony into warfare that lasted a decade. Charter Changes Jamestown was originally founded from a desire to gain wealth and to a lesser extent to convert the natives to Christianity. Jamestown went through several forms of government in its first decades, and by 1624, they used a representative assembly known as the House of Burgesses, the first institutional instance of representative self-government on the North American continent. Threatened by the House of Burgesses, though, James I revoked the charter of the bankrupt Virginia Company in 1624, but his timely death in 1625 ended his plans for disbanding the assembly.  The colonys formal name was the Colony and Dominion of Virginia.   Virginia and the American Revolution Virginia was involved in fighting against what they saw as British tyranny from the end of the French and Indian War. The Virginia General Assembly fought against the Sugar Act which had been passed in 1764. They argued that it was taxation without representation. In addition, Patrick Henry was a Virginian who used his powers of rhetoric to argue against the Stamp Act of 1765 and legislation was passed opposing the act. A Committee of Correspondence was created in Virginia by key figures including Thomas Jefferson, Richard Henry Lee, and Patrick Henry. This was a method by which the different colonies communicated with each other about the growing anger against the British.   Virginia residents who were sent to the First Continental Congress in 1774 included Richard Bland, Benjamin Harrison, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, Edmund Pendleton, Peyton Randolph, George Washington. Open resistance started in Virginia the day after Lexington and Concord occurred, on April 20, 1775. Other than the Battle of Great Bridge in December 1775, little fighting happened in Virginia though they sent soldiers to help in the war effort. Virginia was one of the earliest to adopt independence, and its hallowed son, Thomas Jefferson, penned the Declaration of Independence in 1776.   Significance First permanent English settlement in the New World at Jamestown.It provided a source of fertile land and great wealth to England in the form of the cash crop, tobacco.With the House of Burgesses, America saw the first institutional instance of representative self-government. Sources and Further Reading Barbour, Philip L. (ed.) The Jamestown Voyages under the First Charter, 1606–1609. London: The Hakluyt Society, 2011.  Billings, Warren M. (ed.). The Old Dominion in the Seventeenth Century: A Documentary History of Virginia, 1606–1700, revised edition. Durham: The University of North Carolina Press, 2007.  Earle, Carville. Environment, Disease, and Mortality in Early Virginia. Journal of Historical Geography 5.4 (1979): 365–90. Print.Hantman, Jeffrey L. Monacan Millennium: A Collaborative Archaeology and History of a Virginia Indian People. University of Virginia Press, 2018.

Free Essays on Primary & Secondary Research

Introduction This paper will discuss the research applications within the organization of Bernards Brothers Construction. Bernards Brothers Construction was established in 1974 in San Fernando, California. Bernards Brothers went from a small general contractor to being one of the largest and most respectful construction firms today. Bernards Brothers is involved in many fields of constructing various types of buildings as well as different types of industries such as â€Å"education, entertainment, institutional, and public works facilities† (Bernards Brothers Corporation, 2003). â€Å"Never in its twenty-seven history have they been terminated or replaced by another firm or on any project or failed to complete a project† (Bernards Brothers Corporation, 2003). Bernards Brothers is currently active in many types of associations such as Coalition for Adequate School Housing, International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions, and Themed Entertainment Association as well as many other types of organizations. According to Perreault Jr. and McCarthy, the definition of primary marketing is â€Å"information specifically collected to solve a current problem† (Perreault Jr. and McCarthy, 1999, p. 220). The definition of secondary marketing is â€Å"information that has been collected or published already† (Perreault Jr. and McCarthy, 1999, p. 220). Prior to these types of marketing some factors must be taken place such as primary data. Primary data is obtaining surveys, conducting phone surveys, or group interviews. Secondary data is obtaining data from the universities, Internet, or the government. Secondary data is also obtaining information from within the company such as intranet, reports, people, or sales. Bernards Brothers Corporation utilizes primary data by obtaining information from their customers by conducting phone surveys. Phone surveys and questionnaires are a relatively easy way to get information in a non-threatening... Free Essays on Primary & Secondary Research Free Essays on Primary & Secondary Research Introduction This paper will discuss the research applications within the organization of Bernards Brothers Construction. Bernards Brothers Construction was established in 1974 in San Fernando, California. Bernards Brothers went from a small general contractor to being one of the largest and most respectful construction firms today. Bernards Brothers is involved in many fields of constructing various types of buildings as well as different types of industries such as â€Å"education, entertainment, institutional, and public works facilities† (Bernards Brothers Corporation, 2003). â€Å"Never in its twenty-seven history have they been terminated or replaced by another firm or on any project or failed to complete a project† (Bernards Brothers Corporation, 2003). Bernards Brothers is currently active in many types of associations such as Coalition for Adequate School Housing, International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions, and Themed Entertainment Association as well as many other types of organizations. According to Perreault Jr. and McCarthy, the definition of primary marketing is â€Å"information specifically collected to solve a current problem† (Perreault Jr. and McCarthy, 1999, p. 220). The definition of secondary marketing is â€Å"information that has been collected or published already† (Perreault Jr. and McCarthy, 1999, p. 220). Prior to these types of marketing some factors must be taken place such as primary data. Primary data is obtaining surveys, conducting phone surveys, or group interviews. Secondary data is obtaining data from the universities, Internet, or the government. Secondary data is also obtaining information from within the company such as intranet, reports, people, or sales. Bernards Brothers Corporation utilizes primary data by obtaining information from their customers by conducting phone surveys. Phone surveys and questionnaires are a relatively easy way to get information in a non-threatening...

Avoid Burnout by Connecting with Your Healthcare Colleagues

Avoid Burnout by Connecting with Your Healthcare Colleagues As a member of the medical field, you already know that you speak a totally different language from non-industry people. But beyond that, your emotional language is also quite foreign to outsiders.  Sure,you can certainly talk to  your friends and family  about your job, but they’ll never  truly  Ã¢â‚¬Å"get† the unique challenges you face daily–not like someone else who’s been there in the trenches. If you don’t have an emotional outlet, the daily stresses that come with a health care job might consume your life outside of the job. After all, someone who hasn’t experienced the phenomenon of being responsible for someone else’s health and well-being will never understand:The pressure of managing life-or-death situations on a daily basisThe physical toll of being on your feet for hours at a timeThe constant worry about possible malpractice suitsThe daily struggle to deal with difficult (and oftentimes irrational!) patientsThe co nstant feeling that you’re moments away from burning outIt’s key to your professional success to seek out peers with whom you can vent and feel understood. The shared camaraderie with peers who work in medicine is indeed a special bond, one that can make you a better employee in the long run. Take advantage of the connection you share to avoid career burnout!

Theories of International Financial Managemen Assignment

Theories of International Financial Managemen - Assignment Example With intent to increase cross-border trade for international expansion, nations have liberalized their cross-border trade regulations. Hence the world is said to have facilitated with effective circulation of ideas, languages and cultural ideologies. Countries opened their doors to each other and thereby entrepreneurs looked for opportunities even outside their home lands. This liberalization process was further intensified by the rapid advancement in telecommunication and transportation technologies which offered increased flexibility to day to day business operations. Apart from this, as described in the article International Financial Management (August 29, 2010), a series of financial innovations such as cross border stock listings, international mutual funds, currency derivatives, and multi currency bonds have also contributed to the development of international financial management. The practices and scope for domestic financial management and international financial management are entirely different. Although, the meaning and objective of financial management will not change in an international setting, its dimensions and ranges vary dramatically. This report will critically evaluate theories of international financial management and the extent to which each stands up in the real world. Major elements of financial management The management of business finance is a complex process as it plays a crucial role in each and every area of a business. For the successful operation of financial management process, three key elements have been included. They are financial planning, financial control, and financial decision making. 1. Financial planning As in the case of every management process, planning is an inevitable factor in the organizational financial management. It is necessary to ensure that sufficient fund is available at the right time in order to meet the business needs (The 100 times). An organization generally plans short term and long term financial programs. Short term funds are required to pay salaries to employees and to invest in stocks and other securities. On the other hand, medium and long term funds increase the productive capacity of the business for making business acquisitions. 2. Financial control Financial department is highly vulnerable to fraud. Hence every financial manager would implement ranges of internal check systems in order to check falsification of accounts and thereby fraudulent transactions of money. In short, the financial control element ensures the safety of business assets so as to comply with business rules and thereby act in accordance with the best interest of the shareholders. Financial decision making The important financial management decisions relate to investment, business financing, and distribution of dividends. It is the duty of the financial management to discover the most appropriate resource of money in times of contingencies. A most major financial management decision is whether the business profits must be retained as reserves or distributed to shareholders as dividend. This element is the focal point of the financial management process as this tool determines the degree of efficacy of business financing process. Domestic and international financial management These two concepts aim at the same goal but function differently to achieve them. To

Hum M3 meka Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hum M3 meka - Essay Example Besides the internal factors, there exist external influences such as culture, peer groups, career interest and living standards that contribute to the emotional status of an individual (Burns 11). Cognitive concept assesses the significance of thoughts and beliefs in shaping the behavior and values of an individual. Values are the ethical codes that define rational articulation of one’s ideas or deeds. Values aids in understanding why and how people behave as they do in specific situations. The integration of expectations, goals, values, and links to cognitive and behavioral competencies are crucial in assessing the emotional differences between man and animals. Social reputation and identity is comprised of previous actions, perceived responses from people and expected future behaviors. Norms and customs are internalized into habits, preferences, and expectations that are generalized across common situations in a human being’s life. From the assessment results, it is clear that an individual uses his or her cognitive component to assess various situations. This helps in developing solutions and responses to queries based on one’s reasoning. Emotional asp ect also takes a critical role in influencing the responses and self esteem (Branden

Abraham Lincoln. His Life and Achievements Research Paper

Abraham Lincoln. His Life and Achievements - Research Paper Example He was a man of character, integrity and strength. In the present discourse, an attempt is being made to understand Lincoln’s life, achievements, struggles, failures and their impact on America based on existing literature. Lincoln’s childhood: Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12 1809 in Kentucky to Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks. His childhood was something that even Lincoln was never excited about because of the poverty and other challenges he had to face (Charnwood, 13). Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States of America. His enduring struggle was to end slavery in America and to economically transform the nation. As a young boy, Abraham Lincoln was involved in helping his father and his neighbors (p. 15). Lincoln owes his mental qualities to his mother as well as his step mother. Lincoln’s step mother was instrumental in the minimal education that he received with parental support. Lincoln has the ability to attract crowd even from his earlier years of adolescence. This is evident from Charnwood’s statement, ‘Lincoln was a person of high consideration among the lads of his age and company’ (p.20). Literature related to Lincoln’s reading habits highlights his immense love for reading and reading habits. During his teenage, he read books like Aesop’s Fables, Robinson Crusoe, The Piligrim’s Progress, A History of the United States, Weem’s Life of Washington and even Revised Statuses of Indiana (Charnwood, 21). Even before he reached the age of 20, Lincoln had a deep understanding of how his nation functioned, the principles policies and its governance (Tarbell, 34). Lincoln left his home at 22 and settled in New Salem, Illinois, which were the foundational years for his future. Based on his own efforts, Lincoln acquired some formal education for next few years; he entered the legal profession at the age of 27 (Wilson, 15-19). His achievements in the field of law studies and the profession are attributed to his own hard work and constant struggle. His struggles in the profession of law as well as politics have been immense and are epitome of an ideal le ader and a winner ever since he was elected as the President. Political affiliation: Abraham Lincoln’s first successful electoral is associated with the Sangamon County as the surveyor in 1834 and followed by the Illinois house of representatives as a representative for the Sangamon County in 1836. Lincoln was elected for the Illinois legislature during subsequent 3 years (Chin, 34). As explained by Mansch, Lincoln’s entry into politics is associated with the Nebraska Bill and did succeed in winning a seat in the Illinois legislature around 1854 (p.41). But, Lincoln resigned this post because he wanted to challenge Stephen Douglas, who was responsible for opposing anti-slavery. At this time, Lincoln struggled to gain political identity. Lincoln was deeply moved by the group fighting against slavery, known as free-soilers or anti-Nebraskans that was formed during 1854. At this time, Lincoln knew that he wanted a stable party that shared his political ideals and could be lieve in creating a prominent party of the future. Two years later, i.e. in 1856, different groups with these ideals supporting anti-slavery gathered in Bloomington, which Lincoln attended. Lincoln appropriately used this opportunity to bring together various groups that were fighting against slavery, poverty, and for democracy. Lincoln’s deep desire to abolish slavery and achieve a liberal democracy had made him say, ‘I have no objection to ‘fuse’ with anybody provided I can fuse on ground which I think is right’ (qtd. in Mansch, p.41). Lincoln’s personal experiences with the blacks were minimal, yet he was aware of the slavery